Calculations

Calculations

• Rounded rectangle loop

  The outer or inner loop of a rectangular hollow section with rounded corners.

  Steel section dimensions, areas and outlines shapes/sections.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Loop area

  The signed area of an outline loop.

  A = ½ × Σ (xᵢ·yᵢ₊₁ − xᵢ₊₁·yᵢ)

  Steel section dimensions, areas and outlines shapes/sections.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Loop perimeter

  The length around an outline loop.

  L = Σ √(Δx² + Δy²)

  Steel section dimensions, areas and outlines shapes/sections.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Part sizes in millimeters

  The table dimensions of each size of a part family, with inch sizes converted.

  mm = in × 25.4; pitch = 25.4 ÷ threads per inch

  Standard parts and library items shapes/parts.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Hexagon area

  The area of a hexagon from its width across flats.

  A = (√3 ÷ 2) × s²

  Standard parts and library items shapes/parts.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Mass from volume

  The mass of a part in kilograms from its volume in mm³.

  kg = mm³ × 10⁻⁹ × 7850, rounded to 4 decimals

  Standard parts and library items shapes/parts.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Inch length as a fraction

  Writes an inch length as a whole number and a fraction for the part's designation.

  n = round(v × 64); reduce n ÷ 64

  Standard parts and library items shapes/parts.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Part dimensions and mass

  The full set of dimensions, the bounding box and the mass of one part.

  e = 2s ÷ √3; bolt mass = (hex area × k + π ÷ 4 × d² × l) × ρ; gear: d = m·z, d_a = m(z + 2), d_f = m(z − 2.5), d_b = d·cos 20°

  Standard parts and library items shapes/parts.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Coordinate rounding in library items

  Rounds every coordinate written into a library item's drawing.

  round(v × 1000) ÷ 1000

  Standard parts and library items shapes/items.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Steel section as a library item

  The section view or side elevation of a steel section, with its size and weight parameters.

  kg/m = published mass, else area × 10⁻⁶ × 7850; weight = kg/m × length ÷ 1000

  Standard parts and library items shapes/items.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Bolt drawing dimensions

  The head, shank, chamfer and thread lines of a bolt's side view.

  thread root diameter = D − 1.22687 × pitch; chamfer = min(pitch, D ÷ 4)

  Standard parts and library items shapes/items.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Standard part as a library item

  The drawing, size parameters and weight of a standard part as a library item.

  Standard parts and library items shapes/items.js

  • CadCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Parameter levels

  The evenly spaced values of a parameter between its two bounds.

  vᵢ = from + (to − from) × i ÷ (steps − 1)

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Rounding of parameter values

  Rounds a parameter value before it is put in a variant.

  v → v to 12 significant digits

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Variant list

  Every combination of parameter levels, or a seeded random sample between the bounds.

  random: v = from + (to − from) × u, u = 32-bit integer ÷ 2³²

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Meeting the limits

  Whether a variant's results meet every limit of the study.

  min goal: value ≤ limit; max goal: value ≥ limit

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Trade-off front

  The variants that no other variant beats on every goal at once.

  a dominates b when a is no worse on every goal and better on at least one

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Weighted ranking

  A score for each feasible variant from its goals and the weights a person gives.

  x = (value − lo) ÷ (hi − lo); score = Σ w × (x for max goals, 1 − x for min goals)

  Design study variants and ranking study/study.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Load factor to the limit

  The factor by which every load can be multiplied before the design's utilization reaches 1.

  find λ with util(λ) = 1: double λ until util ≥ 1, then bisect with mid = √(lo × hi) until hi − lo ≤ 10⁻⁴ × hi

  Load reserve and escape route checks study/breakit.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Escape route widths

  For each room, the route out whose narrowest door is widest, and its margin against the required width.

  width of a route = min of its door widths; margin = width − required

  Load reserve and escape route checks study/breakit.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Part reserve from a stress study

  The load factor to first yield and to buckling of a solved part.

  λ = minimum safety factor ÷ wanted safety factor; utilization = 1 ÷ λ

  Load reserve and escape route checks study/breakit.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Matrix product

  Combines two transforms into one.

  o[c][r] = Σₖ a[k][r] × b[c][k]

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Matrix inverse

  The transform that undoes another.

  inverse = cofactor matrix ÷ determinant

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Transforming a point

  Applies a transform to a point.

  p′ = (M × [x, y, z, 1]) ÷ w

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Rotation about an axis

  The matrix of a rotation by an angle in degrees about X, Y or Z.

  a = deg × π ÷ 180; entries cos a, ± sin a

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Quaternion to rotation matrix

  The rotation matrix of an orientation stored as a quaternion.

  q ÷ |q|; R₀₀ = 1 − 2(y² + z²), R₀₁ = 2(xy + wz), …

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Value at a time

  An animated value at a given time, between its stored samples.

  v = a + (b − a) × (t − t₀) ÷ (t₁ − t₀)

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• An object's own transform

  Builds the transform of one object from its list of translate, rotate, scale and matrix operations.

  M = op₁ × op₂ × … in the listed order; an inverted operation uses its inverse

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• World transform

  The transform of an object in the scene, through all its parents.

  W = M_root × … × M_parent × M_own

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Scene units and up axis

  The transform from the scene's own units and up axis to meters with Z up.

  scale by metersPerUnit; Y-up scenes: rotate 90° about X

  USD transforms and placement usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Placement of instanced copies

  The transform of each copy of a point instancer from its position, orientation and scale.

  M = translate(p) × rotate(q) × scale(s)

  USD transforms and placement usd/scene.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Writing an object's transform

  Stores an object's placement in the exported scene.

  USD transforms and placement usd/build.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Attribute value to its storage type

  Converts a list of numbers to the number type its USD attribute type calls for.

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/build.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  32-bit in part

• Mesh points and extent

  Stores the points of a mesh and its bounding box in the scene.

  extent = [min x, min y, min z, max x, max y, max z] of the points

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/build.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  32-bit in part

• Lamp intensity

  Converts a lamp's lumens to the intensity a renderer reads.

  intensity = lumens ÷ (683 × area × π)

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/build.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  32-bit, display only

• Single values in the binary file

  Writes one number, tuple or matrix into the binary USD file.

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/usdc-write.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Arrays in the binary file

  Writes an array of numbers into the binary USD file.

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/usdc-write.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  32-bit in part

• Reading a mesh

  The points, faces and attached values of a mesh read from a USD scene.

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  32-bit in part

• Built-in shapes as meshes

  A cube, sphere, cylinder, cone, capsule or plane of a USD scene as a mesh.

  ring point = (r·cos θ, r·sin θ, z), θ = 2π·j ÷ 24

  USD mesh coordinates in saved and exported files usd/geom.js

  • CadCraft
  • BimCraft
  • ModelCraft
  • TakeoffCraft
  • CivilCraft
  • DetailCraft
  • PartCraft
  64-bit

• Viewport scale from 1:n

  Paper units per model unit for a drawing scale 1:n.

  s = mm per model unit ÷ mm per paper unit ÷ n

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Scale 1:n from a viewport scale

  The n of 1:n that a viewport's stored scale stands for.

  n = mm per model unit ÷ mm per paper unit ÷ s

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• List of standard and custom scales

  The scales offered for a drawing: the standard ones and the drawing's own that the standard list lacks.

  custom n = drawing ÷ paper; kept when |n − listed n| ≥ 1e-6 × n for every listed scale

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Name of a viewport scale

  The text a viewport scale reads as: a standard name when it is one, else 1:n.

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Ratio text for a scale that is not listed

  Writes 1:n or n:1 for a scale with no standard name.

  n ≥ 1: "1:n"; n < 1: "(1 ÷ n):1"

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Largest standard scale that fits

  Picks the largest listed scale at which the window still fits the viewport.

  largest s with s ≤ sFit × (1 + 1e-9)

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Viewport center and scale for a model window

  The model point a viewport looks at and the scale at which a model window fits it.

  sFit = min(w ÷ Δx, h ÷ Δy); center = ((minX + maxX) ÷ 2, (minY + maxY) ÷ 2)

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Standard paper for a sheet size

  Finds the standard paper a sheet of w × h is, either way round.

  |standard side − side| ≤ 0.005 × side, both sides in mm

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Space for viewports on a sheet

  The rectangle inside the border and above the title block, in paper units.

  x0 = sheet x0 + 15 mm × k; y0 = sheet y0 + 47 mm × k; x1 = sheet x0 + (W − 15 mm) × k; y1 = sheet y0 + (H − 15 mm) × k; k = 1 ÷ mm per paper unit

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Viewport of a new sheet

  The size, paper position, model center and scale of the viewport a new sheet starts with.

  Paper sizes, drawing scales and viewport aim sheets.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit

• Clusters of the model

  Groups the model's visible objects whose bounding boxes are within a gap of each other, and returns each group's box.

  Automatic sheet layout autosheet.js

  • CadCraft
  64-bit